Physical and mechanical characterization of veined rocks
Franco Robbiano, Marie Violay  1@  , Luis Felipe Orellana@
1 : Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL)

Underground mining faces significant challenges as deeper resources are located in highly stressed brittle rock masses that are prone to spalling and rock burst phenomena. Although geophysical exploration provides valuable information, a clear relationship between the measured physical properties and the expected mechanical behavior of veined rock masses has yet to be established. In this study, we present a series of laboratory measurements of the physical properties of veined rocks from the El Teniente copper-molybdenum underground mine in Chile, with the aim of better understanding how these properties influence the rocks' mechanical behavior at the laboratory scale. To assess sample heterogeneity, detailed mapping of the veinlet network and mineralogy was carried out, along with a classification of soft and hard minerals. Density and porosity were measured using the triple-weight method. Ultrasonic wave speeds were measured on the benchtop and under confinement, in both dry and saturated conditions. Similarly, electrical conductivity was assessed using a benchtop four-electrode setup at varying salinities, and under confinement in a triaxial cell at fixed salinity of 5 g/L. Permeability was measured under confined conditions using the pulse decay method with nitrogen gas. Following the characterization of physical properties, ISRM-standard triaxial tests are planned, with Acoustic Emissions recorded throughout. Results indicate that electrical conductivity and permeability strongly depend on vein orientation and mineralogy under unconfined conditions. With increasing confinement up to 10 MPa, permeability decreases by roughly one order of magnitude, while elastic wave speed rises by about 20% in most samples, under both dry and saturated conditions. Additionally, electrical phase increases with confinement, while conductivity decreases. We expect triaxial tests to show that samples with softer minerals in the veins have lower yield strength and a vein-controlled failure. We aim to link these results to a lower magnitude of electrical impedance and elastic wave velocities.


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