Direct view of ferric iron distribution in an iron and aluminium-bearing bridgmanite by scanning transmission electron microscopy
Nobuyoshi Miyajima  1@  , Lin Wang  1@  , Tomoo Katsura  1@  
1 : Bayerisches Geoinstitut, Universitaet Bayreuth  (BGI)

Substitution mechanisms of trivalent cations in bridgmanite can control its physical properties in the Earth's lower mantle. Among them, the behavior of iron has long been in the spotlight because ferric iron can substitute into both cation sites, the 8-fold coordinated A-site and the 6-fold coordinated B-site, and its electron spin state changes at high pressure. For a basic understanding of the behavior, we want to know which cation sites does iron occupy in the ABO3 orthorhombic perovskite structure. High-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) with a high-angle annular dark-field (HAADF) detector potentially provides a direct view of individual cation columns in the 2-dimensional projected image showing different electron scattering cross-sections of thermal diffuse scattering in the target materials at high-angle electron scattering process. This TEM technique is simply called “Z-number contrast imaging of atomic columns in HAADF-STEM”. The application of “Z-number contrast imaging of atomic columns” at high magnification (more than 1M times), however, is still largely limited to conventional rock-forming silicate minerals in the upper mantle because of the fragile characteristics of the high-pressure minerals under electron-beam irradiation. Despite the limitation, we try to directly observe ferric iron in a synthetic bridgmanite (Bdm) having a MgSiO3 orthorhombic silicate perovskite structure. The Fe3+, Al-bearing Bdm was synthesized at 33 GPa and 2300 K by using an ultrahigh-pressure multi-anvil press at BGI. HAADF-STEM imaging was performed with a non-Cs-corrected STEM operated at 200 kV. As a result, a filtered HAADF image along the [001] zone axis displays bright ball-shaped contrasts that correspond to one of the cation columns in the perovskite structure. Compared with a simulated HAADF-STEM image suggests that the distribution of the bright contrasts is consistent with ferric iron in the 8-fold coordinated A-site, direct view of the ferric iron distribution in a Bdm for the first time.


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