Frictional properties of natural granitic gouge at hydrothermal conditions
Huiru Lei, André Niemeijer  1@  , Yongsheng Zhou  2@  , Christopher Spiers  1@  
1 : High Pressure & Temperature laboratory, Utrecht University  (HPT lab)
Budapestlaan 4, 3584 CD Utrecht, The Netherlands -  Netherlands
2 : State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics and Forecasting, Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration  (IGCEA)

In crustal faults dominated by granitoid gouges, to evaluate the seismic potential and model seismogenesis on this shallow crust, data are needed on the frictional properties of relevant fault zone materials under mid-crustal hydrothermal conditions. In this study, we report both saw-cut and rotary shear friction experiments performed on sieved granite gouge collected from the Anninghe Fault zone and believed to represent the fault rock composition at seismogenic depth. Experiments were conducted at 100-600℃, effective normal stress of 100-200MPa, pore water pressures of 30MPa and 100 MPa, and sliding velocities of 0.01-100μm/s. The saw-cut tests reached shear displacements up to 4 mm versus 30 mm in the ring shear experiments. Friction coefficient lays in the range 0.6-0.8 in most samples, except that it drops to 0.4 at higher temperatures and low velocity. In the saw-cut experiments performed at 30MPa pore water pressure, velocity-strengthening behaviour occurred below 200℃ (Regime 1), whereas velocity-weakening occurred at 200-600℃ (Regime 2). By contrast, dry saw-cut experiments showed velocity-strengthening at all temperatures investigated (25-600℃). In the rotary shear experiments performed at 100MPa pore water pressure, three temperature dependent regimes of behaviour were identified, showing potentially unstable, velocity-weakening behaviour at 100-400℃ (Regime 2) and velocity-strengthening at lower and higher temperatures (Regimes 1 and 3). These regimes moved towards higher temperatures with an increase in sliding velocity. Combining all the data, the importance of Regime 2, i.e. the temperature range characterized by velocity-weakening, potentially seismogenic behaviour, decreased with increasing pore water pressure, shear displacement and effective normal stress. Combined with our microstructural observation and previous studies, we explain our results qualitatively in terms of a microphysical model in which changes in friction coefficient and (a-b) are caused by competition between dilatant granular flow and grain-scale creep processes. 


Loading... Loading...